Digital Agriculture in Viet Nam: Conditions and Prospect of Development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7160/aol.2022.140304How to Cite
Abstract
The real context of climate change and pandemic has emphasized the enormous significance of agriculture to society and paved a path to digitization. Each country's agricultural digitalization strategies must not only focus on the technological aspects of the production system but as well present an overview of how this field of study is establishing and developing. To address this issue, a research was carried out to identify priority research questions concerning digital agriculture in Viet Nam, but with a view to also informing international contexts. The study applied a combination of methods including descriptive statistics, review of related researches reflecting the application of digital technology in agriculture, as well as systematic and institutional approaches to create the conditions for the development of digital agriculture. Concurrently, taking into account the readiness limitation of economic actors' for digital transformation is also presented in this study. Viet Nam is in the early stages of digital transformation in agriculture. Digital readiness is critical to grasping and implementing existing technologies and transforming agriculture. In order for the digital transformation to come into play in a positive way, the institutional decisions of the authorities are crucial to the major challenges facing Viet Nam's agriculture, such as digital inequalities, human resources, financial, and infrastructure constraints and inadequate awareness of existing technologies.References
Banu, S. (2015) "Precision agriculture: tomorrow’s technology for today farmer", Journal of Food Process Technol, Vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 1-6. ISSN 2157-7110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7110.1000468
Burra, D., Hildebrand, J., Giles, J., Nguyen, T., Hasiner, E., Schroeder, K., Treguer D., Juergenliemk, A., Horst, A., Jarvis, A. and Kropff, W. (2021) "Digital Agriculture Profile: Viet Nam", FAO: Rome (Italy), 22 p. [Online] Available: http://www.fao.org/3/cb3956en/cb3956en.pdf [Accessed: July 23, 2021].
Cable (2020) "Worldwide broadband speed league 2022" [Online]. Available: https://www.cable.co.uk/broadband/speed/worldwide-speed-league/. [Accessed: June 3, 2021].
Cameron, A., Pham, T. H., Atherton, J., Nguyen, D. H., Nguyen, T. P., Tran, S. T., Nguyen, T. N., Trinh, H. Y. and Hajkowicz, S. (2019) "Vietnam’s Future Digital Economy Towards 2030 and 2045", CSIRO, Brisbane, 172 p.
Daum, T. (2021) "Farm robots: Ecological utopia or dystopia?", Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 774-777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2021.06.002
Davnis, V. V., Tinyakova, V. I., Blinov, A. O. and Volodin, Y. V. (2019) "Combined Modeling of Projected Evaluation of the Regional Socio-economic Development", International Journal of Economics & Business Administration, Vol. 7, Special. No. 1, pp. 348-354. ISSN 2241-4754. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/278
Do, K. C. (2018) "Smart Agriculture: Issues and Directions for Research and Training", Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 707-718. ISSN 2588-1299. (in Vietnamese).
Duong, D. T. (2020) "Sustainable development for Vietnam agriculture", In INTERAGROMASH 2020, E2S Web of Conferences, XIII International Scientific and Practical Conference "State and Prospects for the Development of Agribusiness – INTERAGROMASH 2020", Vol. 175, p. 01015, 9 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017501015
Economist Intelligence Unit (2020) "The Inclusive Internet Index" [Online]. Available: https://theinclusiveinternet.eiu.com/explore/countries/performance?year=2020. [Accessed: June 3, 2021]
Education First (2020) "EF EPI. EF English Proficiency Index". [Online]. Available: https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/legacy/__/~/media/centralefcom/epi/downloads/full-reports/v10/ef-epi-2020-english.pdf [Accessed: June 15, 2021].
Elijah, O., Rahman, T. A., Orikumhi, I., Leow, C. Y. and Hindia, M. N. (2018) "An Overview of Internet of Things (IoT) and Data Analytics in Agriculture: Benefits and Challenges", IEEE internet of Things Journal, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 3758-3773. ISSN 1858-2262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2018.2844296
European Parliament (2016) "Precision agriculture and the future of farming in Europe", Scientific Foresight Unit. PE 581.892, 42 p. ISBN 978-92-846-0475-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2861/020809
Faskhutdinova, M. S., Amirova, E. F, Safiullin, I. N. and Ibragimov, L. G. (2020) "Human resources in the context of digitalization of agriculture", BIO Web of Conferences, International Scientific-Practical Conference "Agriculture and Food Security: Technology, Innovation, Markets, Human Resources", (FIES 2020), Vol. 27, p. 00020. pp. 1-6. E-ISSN 2117-4458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700020
General Statistics Office of Viet Nam (2020) "Niên giám thống kê đầy đủ năm 2019". [Online]. Available: https://www.gso.gov.vn/du-lieu-va-so-lieu-thong-ke/2020/09/nien-giam-thong-ke-day-du-nam-2019/. [Accessed: June 10, 2021]. (In Vietnamese).
German Agricultural Society (2018) "Opportunities. Risk. Acceptance". [Online] Available: https://www.smart-akis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Folder_Position_Digitalisierung_e_IT.pdf. [Accessed: June 10, 2021].
Google, Temasek and Bain & Company (2020) "E-Conomy SEA 2020, at full velocity: Resilient and racing ahead". [Online] Available: https://nextbn.ggvc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/e-Conomy_SEA_2020_Report.pdf [Accessed: July 15, 2021].
Hackfort, S. (2021) "Patterns of Inequalities in Digital Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review", Sustainability, Vol. 13, p. 12345. E-ISSN 2071-1050. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212345
Herlitzius, T. (2017) "Automation and Robotics - the Trend Towards Cyber Physical Systems in Agriculture Business", in Proceedings of the 9th AVL International Commercial Powertrain Conference 2017, Helmut-List-Halle, Austria, pp. 1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1932
Hoang, X. D. and Do, T. T. T. (2020) "Prospects for Agriculture 4.0 in Developing Countries: Case Studies from Vietnam". In Sakata, Shozo ed. 2020, "Structural Changes of Agriculture in the CLMTV Countries and their SocioEconomic Impacts", BRC Research Report No. 57, Bangkok Research Center, JETRO Bangkok / IDE-JETRO, p. 102-116. [Online] Available: https://www.ide.go.jp/library/English/Publish/Reports/Brc/pdf/27_06.pdf [Accessed: 2 August 2, 2021].
IFAD, IPSARD and ADB (2020) "Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Smallholder Farmers and Vulnerable Rural People in Vietnam", IFAD, IPSARD and ADB: Ha Noi, Vietnam, 44 p. [Online]. Available: https://nardt.org/images/ACC_1/files/Tai%20lieu/bao%20cao%20dai%20dich%20covit%2019%20TA.pdf [Accessed: 15 June 15, 2021].
Ilyas, R. M., Banwet, D. K. and Shankar, R. (2007) "Value Chain Relationship - A Strategy Matrix", Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 56-72. ISSN 1624-6039. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2007.11517176
INSEAD (2019) "The Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2019", INSEAD: Fontainebleau, France, 339 p. ISBN 979-10-95870-18-0.
ITU and FAO (2020) "Status of Digital Agriculture in 18 countries of Europe and Central Asia", ITU and FAO: Geneva, Switzerland, 102 p. ISBN 978-92-5-132889-7.
Ivanova, I. A., Pulyaeva, V. N., Vlasenko, L. V., Gibadullin, A. A. and Safarov, B. G. (2020) "Collaboration of different generations in the digital environment of the economy", IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 421, No. 3, p. 032039. ISSN 17551307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/421/3/032039
Kitchenham, B. and Charters, B. (2007) "Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering", Software Engineering Group, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Keele University, EBSE Technical Report Version 2.3, 65 p. [Online]. Available: https://www.elsevier.com/__data/promis_misc/525444systematicreviewsguide.pdf [Accessed: July, 23, 2021].
Klerkx, L. and Rose, D. (2020) "Dealing with the game-changing technologies of Agriculture 4.0: how do we manage diversity and responsibility in food system transition pathways?", Global Food Security, Vol. 24, p. 100347. ISSN 2211-9124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100347
Klerkx, L., Jakku, E. and Labarthe, P. (2019) "A review of social science on digital agriculture, smart farming and agriculture 4.0: New contributions and a future research agenda", NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, Vol. 90-91, p. 100315. ISSN 1573-5214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.100315
Koutsos, T. M., Menexes, G. C. and Dorbas, C. A. (2019) "An efficient framework for conducting systematic literature reviews in agricultural sciences", Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 682, pp. 106-117. ISSN 0048-9697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.354
Le, T. H., Tran, A.T. and Ta, K. C. (2014) "Study to Propose Some Policy Recommendations for Promoting High-Tech Agriculture to Commercialization in Vietnam", Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 10-21. ISSN 1859-3801. (in Vietnamese).
Lezoche, M., Hernandez, J., del Mar Alemany Diaz, M., Panetto, H. and Kacprzyk, J. (2020) "Agri-food 4.0: a survey of the supply chains and technologies for the future agriculture", Computers in Industry, Vol. 117, p. 103187, 36 p. ISSN 0166-3615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103187
Lioutas, E. D., Charatsari, C., La Rocca, G. and De Rosa, M. (2019) "Key questions on the use of big data in farming: an activity theory approach", NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, Vol. 90-91, p. 100297, pp 1-12. ISSN 1573-5214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.04.003
Mai, H. and Van, H. (2019) "Current Status and Problems of Vietnamese Agricultural Sector", The EUrASEANs: Journal on Global Socio-Economic Dynamics, Vol. 5, No. 18, pp. 23-35. ISSN 2539-5645. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.5(18).2019.23-35
McKague, K. and Siddiquee, M. (2014) "Strengthening Value Chain Relationships", In: Making Markets More Inclusive. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. ISBN 978-1-349-48028-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137373755_8
Ministry of Industry and Trade (2021) "Vietnam E-Commerce White Paper 2020", Department of Commerce and Digital Economy, Ministry of Industry and Trade: Ha Noi, 96 p. [Online]. Available: https://idea.gov.vn/. [Accessed: July 15, 2021].
Ministry of Information and Communications (2020) "Information and Communication Technology White Paper", Information and Communication: Hanoi, 94 p. [Online]. Available: https://www.mic.gov.vn/Upload_Moi/TinTuc/SachTrang2020-Final.pdf. [Accessed: July 15, 2021].
Mirolyubova, T. V., Karlina, T. V. and Nikolaev, R. S. (2020) "Цифровая Экономика: Проблемы Идентификации И Измерений В Региональной Экономике" (Digital Economy: Identification and Measurements Problems), Economy of Region, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 377-390. ISSN 2072-6414. DOI 10.17059/2020-2-4. (in Russian).
Ngo, D. M., Doan, H. S. and Mai, V. T. (2019) "A Review of Precision Agriculture in Rice Production in Vietnam", International workshop on ICTs for precision agriculture, pp. 105-130. [Online]. Available: https://www.fftc.org.tw/upload/files/activities/20190926114217/PROCEEDING_BOOK_FFTC_2019.pdf#page=105 [Accessed: August 2, 2021].
Nguyen T. N. L. and Mitrofanova I. V. (2021) "Фермерская Экономика Вьетнама: Тенденции и Пути Развития в Среднесрочной Перспективе" (Farming Economy of Vietnam: Trends and ways of development in the Mid-Term), Economics: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Vol. 11, No. 7А, pp. 22-32. ISSN 2222-9167. (in Russian).
Okenova, A. O. (2019) "Цифровизация сельского хозяйства в Кыргызской Республике" (Digitalization of Agriculture in the Kyrgyz Republic), Journal of International Economic Affairs, Vol. 9, No 1, pp. 97-106. ISSN 2587-8921. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18334/eo.9.1.39675
Pham, T. V. H. (2018) "Overview of IoT Development in Agriculture and Applications in Vietnam", Technical Report, University of Engineering and Technology, VNU. [Online]. Available: https://eprints.uet.vnu.edu.vn/eprints/id/eprint/3316/1/IoT%20in%20algriculture%20in%20Vietnam.pdf. [Accessed: August 2, 2021].
Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Müller, C., Vorraber, W. and Schirgi, E. (2019) "Digitalization and its influence on business model innovation", Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 1143-1160. ISSN 1741-038X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-01-2018-0020
Raungpaka, V. and Savetpanuvong, P. (2017) "Information orientation of small-scale farmers' community enterprises in Northern Thailand", Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 196-203. ISSN 2452-3151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2016.08.018
Ryan, M. (2017) "Taiwan: Home to the Total Supply chain for Agriculture 4.0". [Online]. Available: https://agfundernews.com/taiwan-home-total-supply-chain-agriculture-4-0.html. [Accessed: August 24, 2021].
Sengupta, T., Narayanamurthy, G., Moser, R. and Hota, P. K. (2019) "Sharing app for farm mechanization: Gold Farm’s digitized access based solution for financially constrained farmers", Computers in Industry, Vol. 109, pp. 195-203. ISSN 0166-3615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019.04.017
Snyder, H. (2019) "Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 104, pp. 333-339. ISSN 0148-2963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Sundmaeker, H., Verdouw, C., Wolfert, S. and Pérez Freire, L. (2016) "Internet of food and farm 2020". In: Vermesan, O., Friess P. (Eds.) "Digitising the Industry - Internet of Things Connecting Physical, Digital and Virtual Worlds", River Publishers, Gistrup/Delft, pp. 129-151. E-ISBN 978-87-93379-82-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR201611035
Trendov, N. M., Varas, S. and Zeng, M. (2019) "Digital Technologies in Agriculture and Rural Areas", FAO: Rome, 26 p. ISBN 978-92-5-131546-0.
Union Nations (2020) "E-Government Survey 2020", Union Nations: New York, 364 p. [Online]. Available: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2020-Survey/2020%20UN%20E-Government%20Survey%20(Full%20Report).pdf [Accessed: July 10, 2021].
Vlachopoulou, M., Ziakis, C., Vergidis, K. and Madas M. (2021) "Analyzing AgriFood-Tech e-Business Models", Sustainability, Vol. 13, p. 5516. ISSN 2071-1050. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105516
Vo, K. S. (2018) "Apply the 4.0 Revolution in Agriculture", Quang Binh Science and Technology Information Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 17-21. ISSN 0866-7543. (in Vietnamese).
Wolfert, S., Ge, L., Verdouw, C. and Bogaardt, M. J. (2017) "Big Data in Smart Farming – A Review", Agriculture Systems, Vol. 153, pp. 69-80. ISSN 0308-521X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2017.01.023
World Bank (2019a) "The Digital Economy in Southeast Asia Strengthening the Foundations for Future Growth", WB: Washington DC, USA, 128 p. [Online]. Available: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31803. [Accessed: July 10, 2021].
World Bank (2019b) "Future of Food Harnessing Digital Technologies to Improve Food System Outcomes". WB: Washington, DC. [Online]. Available: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31565. [Accessed: July 15, 2021].
XM (2020) "The Demand for Recruiting Human Resources in the Information Technology Industry is Still Increasing". [Online]. Available: https://baotintuc.vn/xa-hoi/nhu-cau-tuyen-dung-nhan-luc-nganh-cong-nghe-thong-tin-van-tang-20200911154903397.htm. [Accessed: July 15, 2021]. (in Vietnamese).
