The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Bank Credit on Agricultural Performance in Uzbekistan: An Econometric Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7160/aol.2025.170209How to Cite
Abstract
This study examines the dynamic effects of information and communication technology (ICT) penetration and bank credit on agricultural performance in rural Uzbekistan using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Based on data from the World Bank and the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2000-2022, this study examines the important role of ICT and financial resources in improving agricultural productivity. Descriptive statistics show moderate variability in agricultural performance, with strong positive correlations between agricultural output and variables such as education, internet access, and mobile phone penetration. Unit root tests confirm the stationarity of all variables after first differencing, confirming the application of the ARDL model. The results of the paired test indicate a significant long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables under study. The short-run results of the ARDL model show that changes in bank credit have a significant impact on agricultural performance, with a robust adjustment mechanism to correct deviations from the long-run equilibrium. The long run results show that while ICT variables do not significantly affect agricultural performance, bank credit has a negative effect on it and education has a strong positive effect.References
Ajani, E. N. (2014) "Promoting the Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Agricultural Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Policy", Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 42-53. E-ISSN 1540-4722, ISSN 1049-6505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2013.858049
Allahyari, M., Salokhe, V. and Soni, P. (2009) "Potentials of New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTS) in Agriculture Sector", Asian Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 45-53. ISSN 1682-3915
de Berquin Eyike, L. and Djoumessi, Y. F. (2024) "Connecting the fields: How ICT improve agricultural productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa", Review of Development Economics, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 888 - 903. ISSN 1363-6669 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/RODE.13084
Beteng, Ch. (2020) "Role of ICT in Agricultural Development", IDOSR Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 13-16. ISSN 2550-794X
Cardona, M., Kretschmer, T. and Strobel, T. (2013) "ICT and productivity: conclusions from the empirical literature", Information Economics and Policy, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 109-125. ISSN 0167-6245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INFOECOPOL.2012.12.002
Chancellor, W. (2023) "Exploring the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and productivity: Evidence from Australian farms". Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Vol. 67, No. 2, pp. 285-302. ISSN 1364-985X, E-ISSN 1467-8489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.12512
Dema, D., Abramova, I. and Nedilska, L. (2019) "Financial and economic conditions of rural development in Ukraine", Eastern Journal of European Studies, Vol. 10, pp. 199-220. E-ISSN 2068-6633, ISSN 2068-651X
Eze, C. C., Lemchi, J. I., Ugochukwu, A. I., Eze, V. C., Awulonu, C. A. O. and Okoń, A. X. (2010) Agricultural Financing Policies and Rural Development in Nigeria, 84th Annual Conference, March 29-31, 2010, Edinburgh, Scotland, Agricultural Economics Society DOI: https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.91677
Galiahmetova, D. N., Feoktistova, O. A. and Shchenikov, Y. A. (2019) "Method of increasing the objectivity of empirical research", Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1399, No. 2. ISSN 1742-659 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1399/2/022045
Goyal, A. and González-Velosa, C. (2013) "Improving Agricultural Productivity and Market Efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean: How ICTs Can Make a Difference?", Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, Vol. 2, pp. 172-182. E-ISSN1929-7092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2013.02.14
Haghayeghi, M. (1990) "Agrarian reform problems in post‐revolutionary Iran", Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 35-51. E-ISSN 1743-7881
Hui, E. G. M. (2018) "Descriptive Statistics", In: Learn R for Applied Statistics, Apress, Berkeley pp. 87-127. ISBN 978-1-4842-4199-8. DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-4200-1_4
Huntington-Klein, N. (2021) "Linear Rescaling to Accurately Interpret Logarithms", Journal of Econometric Methods, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp.139-147. ISSN 2156-6674 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/JEM-2021-0029
Islam, M. S., Sazzad, M. and Patwary, H. (2023) "Bank Credit and Agricultural Output in Bangladesh: An Econometric Analysis", Macro Management & Public Policies, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 16-22. ISSN 2661-3360 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/MMPP.V4I4.5118
Janse, R. J., Hoekstra, T., Jager, K. J., Zoccali, C., Tripepi, G., Dekker, F. W. and Van Diepen, M. (2021) "Conducting correlation analysis: Important limitations and pitfalls", Clinical Kidney Journal, Vol. 14, No. 11, pp. 2332-2337. ISSN 2048-8513 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/CKJ/SFAB085
Kassanuk, T. and Phasinam, K. (2021) "A Comprehensive Review on the Implementation of Technological Systems, Standards, and Interfaces Used in the Food and Agriculture Industries", Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 51, pp. 2268-2271. ISSN 2214-7853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2021.11.396
Lawless, H. T. (1989) "Logarithmic Transformation of Magnitude Estimation Data and Comparisons of Scaling Methods", Journal of Sensory Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 75-86. E-ISSN 1745-459X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1745-459X.1989.TB00459.X
Lio, M. and Liu, M. C. (2006) "ICT and agricultural productivity: evidence from cross-country data", Agricultural Economics, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 221-228. E-ISSN 1574-0862, ISSN 0169-5150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1574-0864.2006.00120.X
Lubis, D. P. (2010) "Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Mendukung Pembangunan Pertanian Berkelanjutan". [Online] Available: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/32175 [Accessed: Feb. 14, 2025]
McNamara, K. (2009) "Improving Agricultural Productivity and Markets: The Role of Information and Communication Technologies", World Bank Working Paper No. 15, Washington DC, World Bank. ISBN 978-0-8213-7962-5
Nadirkhanov, U. S. (2023) "Higher Education System in The Republic of Uzbekistan: Modern Trends and Developments", Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, Vol. 6, No. 3, E-ISSN 2644-0504 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47191/JEFMS/V6-I3-37
Narayan, P. K. (2004) "Fiji’s Tourism Demand: The ARDL Approach to Cointegration", Tourism Economics, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 193-206. E-ISSN 2044-037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367/000000004323142425
Oluwatayo, I. (2012) "Mobile Phones as Mobile Banks and Credit Outlets: The Experience of Farming Households in Rural Southwest Nigeria". [Online] Available: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mobile-Phones-as-Mobile-Banks-and-Credit-Outlets%3A-Oluwatayo/2eba18af773450acc086ed2c612b026d61986262 [Accessed: Feb. 20, 2025]
Onyeneke, R. U., Ankrah, D. A., Atta-Ankomah, R., Agyarko, F. F., Onyeneke, C. J. and Nejad, J. G. (2023) "Information and Communication Technologies and Agricultural Production: New Evidence from Africa", Applied Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 6. ISSN 2076-3417 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/APP13063918
Otter, V. and Theuvsen, L. (2014) "ICT and farm productivity: Evidence from the Chilean agricultural export sector", IT-Standards in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft – Fokus: Risiko- und Krisenmanagement, Bonn: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., pp. 113-116. Regular Research Papers. Bonn. 24.-25. Feb. 2014 ISSN 1617-5468. ISBN 978-388579-620-6
Patwary, M. S. H., Islam, M. S. and Al Mosharrafa, R. (2023) "Effect of bank credit on agricultural gross domestic product", Agricultural and Resource Economics, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 188-204. E-ISSN 2414-584X DOI: https://doi.org/10.51599/ARE.2023.09.01.09
Polukhin, A., Grudkina, T. and Grudkina, M. (2019) "Factors increasing the effectiveness of state support in agriculture", IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 274, No. 1. E-ISSN 1755-1315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/274/1/012113
Reyes, D. M., Shumway, B. S. and Tong, S. C. (2023) "Impact of Access to Agricultural Credit on Agricultural Productivity in Iowa, USA, Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1-11. E-ISSN 2735-5098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5172
Ruete, M. (2016) "Financing for Agriculture: How to boost opportunities in developing countries". International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), Geneva. ISBN 978-92-9249-019-6
Saribayevich, X. F., Sariyevich, X. X., Davlatov, S., Turobova, H. and Ruziyev, S. (2024) "Analysis of Factors Affecting CO2 Emissions: In the Case of Uzbekistan", International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 207-215. ISSN 2146-4553 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/IJEEP.16193
Thomaj, E. (2015) "Analysis of Public Expenditures in Support of Agriculture Development in Albania", European Scientific Journal, ESJ. Vol.11, No.1. E-ISSN 1857- 7431, ISSN 1857-7881
Wang, H. and Du, L. (2023) "Agricultural credit scale and agricultural green production efficiency: a Metafrontier-Malmquist-Luenberger and panel Tobit approach", Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol. 11. ISSN 2296-665X DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/FENVS.2023.1191012/PDF
Xolmurotov, F. S., Xolmuratov, X. S. and Yakubova, Y. R. (2024) "Assessment of the impact of agriculture on the regional socio-economic development", E3S Web of Conferences, Vol. 548, p. 01003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/E3SCONF/202454801003
Zuo, X. (2019) "Several Important Unit Root Tests", 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Information Communication and Signal Processing (ICICSP), pp. 10-14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICSP48821.2019.8958557
